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Journal of Child Health Care, Vol. 10, No. 2, 140-148 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/1367493506062553

Socio-economic status, smoking during pregnancy and birth outcomes: an analysis of cross-sectional community studies in Liverpool (1993–2001)

Ali Delpisheh, MSc, PhD

Child and Reproductive Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK

Yvonne Kelly, PhD

Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, UK

Shaheen Rizwan, PhD

Bernard J. Brabin, PHD, FRCP(C)

University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Child and Reproductive Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK

Objective: To assess the influence of socio-economic status on pregnancy outcomes in smoking mothers.

Study design: Retrospective analysis.

Methods: Parent-completed questionnaires addressing pregnancy smoking patterns and birth outcomes. Were distributed via children aged 5–11 years attending 10 primary schools in Merseyside. Data from three communitybased cross-sectional surveys undertaken in 1993, 1998 and 2001 were analysed. Townsend score was used as an indicator of household socioeconomic status.

Results: 82.2 percent (n = 3730) of respondents were classified as low (disadvantaged) socio-economic status. One-third of mothers smoked during pregnancy and this proportion was significantly higher among disadvantaged than advantaged categories (37.7% versus 14.6%; p < 0.001). The logistic regression analysis showed that only maternal smoking during preg-nancy was a significant risk factor for adverse birth outcomes when socioeconomic variables were controlled.

Conclusion: Birth outcomes were worse in babies of smoking mothers during pregnancy independent of household's socio-economic status.

Key Words: low birthweight • pregnancy • smoking • socio-economic


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